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通过编写小测验学习无障碍

Front-End Development

本文发布于：2022年5月26日

字数：1.4k字

时长：8分钟

freeCodeCamp 响应式网页设计的认证课程第八章。无障碍环境使你的网页便于所有人使用，甚至是残疾人。在通过编写小测验学习无障碍的课程中，建立一个测验网页，学习诸如键盘快捷键、ARIA 属性和设计最佳实践等无障碍工具。以下为我在学习和实战练习过程中所做的笔记，可供参考。

一、重点 HTML 代码

head：

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<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  <meta name="description" content="freeCodeCamp Accessibility Quiz practice project" />
  <title>Accessibility Quiz</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" />
</head>

header：

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<header>
  <img id="logo" src="https://cdn.freecodecamp.org/platform/universal/fcc_primary.svg">
  <h1>HTML/CSS Quiz</h1>
  <nav>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="#student-info" accesskey="i">INFO</a></li>
      <li><a href="#html-questions" accesskey="h">HTML</a></li>
      <li><a href="#css-questions" accesskey="c">CSS</a></li>
    </ul>
  </nav>
</header>

student-info:

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<section role="region" aria-labelledby="student-info">
  <h2 id="student-info">Student Info</h2>
  <div class="info">
    <label for="student-name">Name:</label>
    <input type="text" name="student-name" id="student-name" />
  </div>
  <div class="info">
    <label for="student-email">Email:</label>
    <input type="email" name="student-email" id="student-email" />
  </div>
  <div class="info">
    <label for="birth-date">D.O.B.<span class="sr-only">(Date of Birth)</span></label>
    <input type="date" name="birth-date" id="birth-date" />
  </div>
</section>

html-questions：

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<section role="region" aria-labelledby="html-questions">
  <h2 id="html-questions">HTML</h2>
  <div class="question-block">
    <p>1</p>
    <fieldset class="question" name="html-question-one">
      <legend>
        The legend element represents a caption for the content of its
        parent fieldset element
      </legend>
      <ul class="answers-list">
        <li>
          <label for="q1-a1">
            <input type="radio" id="q1-a1" name="q1" value="true" />
            True
          </label>
        </li>
        <li>
          <label for="q1-a2">
            <input type="radio" id="q1-a2" name="q1" value="false" />
            False
          </label>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </fieldset>
  </div>
  <div class="question-block">
    <p>2</p>
    <fieldset class="question" name="html-question-two">
      <legend>
        A label element nesting an input element is required to have a
        for attribute with the same value as the input's id
      </legend>
      <ul class="answers-list">
        <li>
          <label for="q2-a1">
            <input type="radio" id="q2-a1" name="q2" value="true" />
            True
          </label>
        </li>
        <li>
          <label for="q2-a2">
            <input type="radio" id="q2-a2" name="q2" value="false" />
            False
          </label>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </fieldset>
  </div>
</section>

css-questions：

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<section role="region" aria-labelledby="css-questions">
  <h2 id="css-questions">CSS</h2>
  <div class="formrow">
    <div class="question-block">
      <label for="customer">Are you a frontend developer?</label>
    </div>
    <div class="answer">
      <select name="customer" id="customer" required>
        <option value="">Select an option</option>
        <option value="yes">Yes</option>
        <option value="no">No</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="question-block">
      <label for="css-questions">Do you have any questions:</label>
    </div>
    <div class="answer">
      <textarea id="css-questions" name="css-questions" rows="5" cols="24"
                placeholder="Who is flexbox..."></textarea>
    </div>
  </div>
</section>

footer：

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<footer>
  <address>
    <a href="https://freecodecamp.org">freeCodeCamp</a><br />
    San Francisco<br />
    California<br />
    USA
  </address>
</footer>

二、重点 CSS 代码

@media 属性：

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@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
    * {
        scroll-behavior: smooth;
    }
}

body，header：

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body {
    background: #f5f6f7;
    color: #1b1b32;
    font-family: Helvetica;
    margin: 0;
}
header {
    width: 100%;
    height: 50px;
    background-color: #1b1b32;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
}

logo，nav：

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#logo {
    width: max(100px, 18vw);
    background-color: #0a0a23;
    aspect-ratio: 35 / 4;
    padding: 0.4rem;
}
h1 {
    color: #f1be32;
    font-size: min(5vw, 1.2em);
    text-align: center;
}
nav {
    width: 50%;
    max-width: 300px;
    height: 50px;
}
nav>ul {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-evenly;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    padding-inline-start: 0;
    margin-block: 0;
    height: 100%;
}
nav>ul>li {
    color: #dfdfe2;
    margin: 0 0.2rem;
    padding: 0.2rem;
    display: block;
}
nav>ul>li:hover {
    background-color: #dfdfe2;
    color: #1b1b32;
    cursor: pointer;
}
li>a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

表单 1：

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main {
    padding-top: 50px;
}
section {
    width: 80%;
    margin: 0 auto 10px auto;
    max-width: 600px;
}
h1,
h2 {
    font-family: Verdana, Tahoma;
}
h2 {
    border-bottom: 4px solid #dfdfe2;
    margin-top: 0px;
    padding-top: 60px;
}
.info {
    padding: 10px 0 0 5px;
}
.formrow {
    margin-top: 30px;
    padding: 0px 15px;
}
input {
    font-size: 16px;
}
.info label,
.info input {
    display: inline-block;
    text-align: right;
}
.info input {
    width: 50%;
    text-align: left;
}
.info label {
    width: 10%;
    min-width: 55px;
}

表单 2、3：

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.question-block {
    text-align: left;
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    margin-top: 20px;
    padding-top: 5px;
}
p {
    margin-top: 5px;
    padding-left: 15px;
    font-size: 20px;
}
p::before {
    content: "Question #";
}
.question {
    border: none;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}
.answers-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}
button {
    display: block;
    margin: 40px auto;
    width: 40%;
    padding: 15px;
    font-size: 23px;
    background: #d0d0d5;
    border: 3px solid #3b3b4f;
}

.sr-only selector：

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.sr-only {
    position: absolute;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1px;
    padding: 0;
    margin: -1px;
    overflow: hidden;
    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
    white-space: nowrap;
    border: 0;
}

三、页面展示

参考资料（References）：

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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